Certified Dialysis Nurse Practice Test

Excessive itching, known as pruritus, in patients with kidney issues is primarily caused by the buildup of toxins and uremic compounds in the bloodstream due to impaired kidney function. In particular, calcium deposits can accumulate in the skin, which can result from disturbances in mineral metabolism often seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

The kidneys normally help regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body. When kidney function declines, this regulation can be disrupted, leading to conditions such as hyperphosphatemia (excess phosphate) and subsequently, calcification in various tissues, including the skin. This calcification causes irritation and the sensation of itching.

Other factors contributing to pruritus in renal patients can include dry skin due to fluid balancing issues or skin changes from other underlying conditions, but the direct link to calcium deposits makes this choice especially relevant in the context of kidney failure. As a result, the connection between kidney dysfunction and the presence of calcium deposits helps clarify the mechanism behind pruritus in these patients.